Actionable Information – Research Briefs – 5 – Summary and Assessment of Weather Information Services

Suggested citation:

Allen, A., Medina-Cetina, Z., Pompelli, G., Cochran, M., Alvarado, J. & Z-Losoya, E. (2021). Actionable Information – Research Briefs – 5 – Summary and Assessment of Weather Information Services. https://r7-cbts-sgl.engr.tamu.edu/actionable-information-research-briefs-5-summary-and-assessment-of-weather-information-services/

@misc{Allen2021A,
   author = {Allen, Alexi and Medina-Cetina, Zenon and Pompelli, Gregory and Cochran, Matthew and Alvarado, Juan Pablo and Z-Losoya, Enrique},
   title = {Actionable Information - Research Briefs - 5 - Summary and Assessment of Weather Information Services},
   url={https://r7-cbts-sgl.engr.tamu.edu/actionable-information-research-briefs-5-summary-and-assessment-of-weather-information-services/},
   year={2021},
   month={May}
}

This research brief includes a summary of various weather information services including a generalization of how they obtain and generate their data and a breakdown of the information they provide to determine which service would be preferred for use in the Dashboard. This brief is a summary and generalization of the data gathered from publicly available information provided by the weather information services investigated. A recommendation is provided at the end, but it is based on the reported weather data provided by the service and the apparent ease of use of the service, not on the quality of the information provided or the effectiveness of the offered APIs (Application Program Interface).

• While most weather information services provide generic weather information such as temperature, barometric pressure, and precipitation, some also provide tracking of or short-term forecasts for natural threats such as tornadoes, hurricanes, flooding, fires, etc.

• Weather data is collected via satellites, radars, from locally and privately-owned weather stations, from buoy and weather balloon observations (Fig. 1). Novel weather collection methods also include refurbishing wireless-network devices to collect weather observations.
• This data is either collected directly by the weather dissemination services or more typically by government and international organizations such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the Meteorological Office (MET Office), etc. (Fig. 1).
• The raw data of current observations is then funneled through one or multiple weather forecasting models, the most noticeable of which are the GFS Model, which is primarily used for storm severity and path prediction, and the ECMWF Model, which is better for general weather forecasting (Fig. 1). Then, if desired, meteorologists will consult the model results and formulate what the most accurate forecast is in their opinion. Then weather information services will provide this data to the public either through a paid API service or for free with advertisements on a web-based platform.
• Based off of a papers reviewed in (Allen et al., 2021) Table 2, it was determined that the most impactful natural threats for us to obtain data on were flooding, fire regime, seismic activity, hurricanes, drought, storms, rainfall, tsunami, temperature, surges, greenhouse gas concentration, sea level, and volcanic activity.
• The most recommended companies offering these weather information services at which we looked were Windy.com, Accuweather, The Weather Channel, Open Weather Map, Climacell, Stormglass, AerisWeather, World Weather Online, and Weather Bit.
• The categories we used to access which service would provide us with the most relevant data included: what variables they offered, how many are on the current model, and how many of the notable natural threats were covered; what type of data was being offered (historical, current, forecast) for each variable; what methods they had to access the data; where they were getting their data; what models were they using to make their forecasts.

• AerisWeather, The Weather Channel, and Windy.com offer the most variables with Accuweather close behind (Table 1).

• While Stormglass and Weather Bit offer the most well-rounded data types for their variables, the number of variables they include is significantly less than AerisWeather and The Weather Channel which both offer more historical/forecast data than either Windy.com or Accuweather (Table 2). This makes AerisWeather and the Weather Channel the top two weather information service providers that we investigated.

• As AerisWeather appears to offer more of the data we are wanting to display on the dashboard (Table 1), I would recommend this service over The Weather Channel.
• The information in Table 3 is subjective based on an understanding of meteorology, to determine the best data provided, and computer science, to determine which company’s API service will be the most useful.

Weather Information Service Websites

AerisWeather

https://www.aerisweather.com/

Accuweather

https://www.accuweather.com/

Climacell

https://www.tomorrow.io/

Open Weather Map

https://openweathermap.org/

Stormglass

https://stormglass.io/

The Weather Channel

https://weather.com/

Weather Bit

https://www.weatherbit.io/

Windy.com

https://www.windy.com/

World Weather Online

https://www.worldweatheronline.com/

References